Disease transmitted from Animals to human beings "ZOONOSIS"

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A zoonosis, also  called a zoonotic disease, is an infectious disease that can spread from animals to humans. Zoonoses are caused by harmful  microbes, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi, and can cause a  variety of  illnesses, from mild to fatal. There are  more than 200 known types of zoonoses, including rabies, Ebola, and salmonellosis.  Zoonotic diseases can  be spread through direct contact with infected animals, such as bites, scratches, saliva, blood, or  urine. They make  great companions for pets, but they can also be a source of  disease. Reptiles (e.g.,  iguanas, turtles, snakes) and amphibians (e.g., frogs and toads) carry  salmonella. Poultry and  ducks: Salmonella
These adorable birds and  ducks can be a great attraction for children this time of year, but they can also be a source of  disease. It is therefore important  that those who handle them take steps to prevent  infection.

Bioterrorist diseases
List of diseases that  could be used in a  bioterrorist event, divided into categories  based on  how easily they spread and the severity of illness or death they cause. Including  anthrax, plague, brucellosis, and Q  fever .

Some zoonotic diseases  are transmitted only from animals to humans and  are not transmitted from person to person. Others,  such as the Ebola virus, are transmitted from animals to humans and continue to spread  to humans, causing periodic outbreaks of  the disease. Still others spread to humans and then  change to  infect only humans,  such as HIV and COVID-19. Once they  have spread only  to humans,  they are no longer considered zoonotic (but other forms of the disease can still exist in  animals).
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Symptoms and  causes
What are the symptoms of zoonotic  diseases? The symptoms of zoonotic diseases vary depending on the specific  disease. Some common symptoms  include:
Fever. Fatigue. Headache. Body aches. Redness. Diarrhea. Vomiting. What are the causes  of zoonoses? Many different pathogens can cause zoonoses.  Among them:
Bacteria. Parasites (protozoa or parasitic  worms). Viruses. Fungi. Pray. Many pathogens  infect only one specific type of  organism: humans,  certain animals, plants or even other  microbes. But  zoonoses can infect humans and other vertebrates.  They only  infect certain animals, but mutations  allow them to  "jump" to humans and cause  infections.
Most zoonoses are bacterial,  parasitic, or  viral in origin. Other zoonoses include ringworm (a fungal infection) and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD, commonly called  "mad cow  disease"), a form of prion  disease.

Bacterial herpes
Bacteria are  tiny, single-celled organisms that often release toxins that can make you sick.  Here are some examples of bacterial  zoonoses:
Anthrax. Brucellosis. Cat scratch  disease. Lyme disease. Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Pesta. Psittacosis. Q. Fever Salmonella. Tularemia. Tuberculosis.
Parasitic zoonoses
Parasites can be parasitic worms, protozoa (single-celled organisms) or ectoparasites,  such as lice and mites.  Here are some examples of parasitic  zoonoses:
Cryptosporidiosis. Echinococcosis, such as hydatid  disease. Giardiasis, Hepatic failure. Malaria. Tapeworm (a type of tapeworm you can get from  eating pork or  beef). Toxoplasmosis. Trichinosis.

Viral zoonoses
Viruses are small pieces of genetic information in a container that our cells  use to  reproduce. Here are some examples of viral  zoonoses:
Avian influenza, Ebola virus, Nipah virus, Marburg disease, and smallpox. Fury How do you  contract a zoonosis? Zoonoses can  be spread  by:
Contact with body fluids  (such as blood,  urine, feces and saliva) of infected  animals. Bites and sometimes scratches from infected  animals. Insect bites, such as ticks,  mosquitoes or  fleas. Eating raw meat. Drinking contaminated water (or eating  food washed  in contaminated  water). What animals carry zoonotic  diseases? Almost all animals can carry zoonotic  diseases. Here are some examples:
Bats at night. Birds. Cats. Deer. Dogs. Livestock such as cows,  pigs, and  sheep. Non-human primates,  such as monkeys,  apes, and  chimpanzees. Rodents, such as mice, rats,  moles, and  voles. Who is at risk for zoonotic  diseases? You may be at higher risk  of zoonotic infections if you:
Work with animals as part of your job or  hobby (for example, in a veterinary  practice or on a  farm). Hunt, prepare, or eat  meat from wild  animals. You have a weakened immune  system. Diagnosis and  testing
How are zoonotic diseases  diagnosed? Health care providers usually diagnose zoonotic diseases with a sample of  body tissues or  fluids, including:

Blood. Stool (feces). Sputum (mucus coughed up from your  lungs). A swab of mucus from  the nose or  throat may be needed. Depending on your symptoms, you may also need imaging tests,  such as an X-ray or CT  scan.

Management and Treatment
How are zoonotic  diseases treated? The treatment of zoonotic  diseases depends on the infection. Not all zoonotic diseases  are treated with specific medications that  clear the infection.
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Treatment  may include:
Antibiotics.  Health care providers can treat most bacterial infections with antibiotics, especially if  they are caught  early. Antiviral. Health care providers can treat some zoonotic viruses with antiviral  medications.

Antifungals. Ringworm is easily treated with antifungal creams or  lotions. Antiparasitic drugs. Health care providers can treat most parasitic zoonoses with antiparasitic  medications.
Monoclonal antibodies.  Health care providers can treat some  difficult-to-treat zoonotic diseases,  such as Ebola, with monoclonal  antibodies. Surgery. Some parasites cause cysts that  health care providers  surgically remove. Vaccination and  immunoglobulins. If an animal suspected  of rabies bites or scratches you, your  health care provider  will not wait for  symptoms to appear. Get vaccinated and treat your wound with human rabies  immunoglobulin (HRIG) to prevent infection.
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