It's official—NASA's Parker Solar Probe is now orbiting the Sun

It's official—NASA's Parker Solar Probe is now orbiting the Sun, and its discoveries could revolutionize our understanding of the universe. By Andrea C.
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The Parker Solar Probe is once again making headlines as it speeds around the Sun at unprecedented velocity, venturing closer to our star than ever before. During its latest flyby—its 23rd—scientists are filled with anticipation as the spacecraft navigates the intense thermal conditions near the Sun. Travelling at an astonishing 430,000 miles per hour (692,000 kilometres per hour), the Parker Probe has achieved the status of the fastest human-made object in history, surpassing all previous technological feats. What heightens the stakes for scientists during this flyby is the probe's close proximity to the Sun—it is just 3.8 million miles (6.1 million kilometres) away, matching its record closest approach. For perspective, this distance is approximately one-tenth that of the gap between the Earth and the Sun, meaning the Parker Probe is nearly brushing against the outer limits of the solar atmosphere. Given the hazards of being near the Sun and the constraints of our heat-resistant technologies, this is a tense moment for the mission control team.
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Currently, the Parker Probe is operating autonomously, manoeuvring through extreme heat and radiation. Although it is unmanned, the probe is crucial, and its survival will provide insights far beyond our current knowledge of the universe. NASA is eagerly awaiting the moment it is expected to transmit information regarding its condition. NASA anticipates a temporary loss of contact with the probe until that moment arrives, leaving scientists anxiously awaiting updates on how their groundbreaking mission has performed during this latest solar approach and what data it has managed to collect.

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The significance of Parker's mission cannot be overstated. Nicky Fox, head of NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington, encapsulated this during a previous solar flyby in December: "This represents a historic milestone in humanity's first endeavour to explore a star. By closely observing the Sun, we can better understand its effects across our solar system, including those that impact the technology we rely on daily on Earth and in space. Furthermore, this mission sheds light on star behaviour throughout the universe, which is critical in our quest for habitable worlds beyond Earth."

The mission's goal has been clear: to approach the Sun in an unparalleled manner, and since its launch in 2018, the Parker Solar Probe has executed this mission flawlessly. It has also completed seven flybys of Venus, leveraging the planet's gravity like a cosmic slingshot to alter its trajectory. This has not only yielded valuable insights about Venus but has also enabled the probe to tighten its orbit and draw closer to the Sun. These close encounters are allowing scientists to collect groundbreaking data about the Sun's corona, the outermost layer of its atmosphere. The corona is millions of degrees hotter than the solar surface, a long-standing enigma in astrophysics that the Parker Probe seeks to unravel. This information is essential not only for satisfying our curiosity about the Sun but also for safeguarding our technology on Earth. The Sun perpetually emits charged particles in the form of solar wind, which can disrupt satellites, interfere with GPS signals, and even cause power grid failures. By getting up close to the Sun, the Parker Probe is aiding scientists in understanding how these powerful solar storms are generated and how we may predict or mitigate their consequences. While this latest flyby marks a significant achievement, Parker's mission is far from finished.
The probe is scheduled for another daring close approach on June 19, 2025, and will continue its mission until it ultimately falls victim to the Sun's harsh environment. Until then, it will keep pushing the limits of what is possible, transmitting groundbreaking insights about our star and, by extension, the stars throughout the universe.

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