The parliamentary sector of government, also known as the legislative branch or parliament, is a central part of parliamentary systems that are found in many countries around the world, including several in Africa. In such systems, the parliament is responsible for making laws, holding the executive branch accountable, and representing the people. Here is a full definition with similar principles applicable to the parliamentary sector in African parliamentary governments:

A parliament is a supreme legislative body within a parliamentary system of government. It is composed of elected representatives known as members of parliament (MPs) who are responsible for the legislative functions of the government. The parliament is typically made up of two houses: the lower house (often called the House of Commons, National Assembly, or House of Representatives) and the upper house (often called the Senate or House of Lords). The parliamentary system is characterized by the fusion of the executive and legislative powers, where the executive is drawn from and accountable to the parliament.

The main functions of the parliamentary sector in a parliamentary system include:

1. Law-making: Parliament enacts laws and amends the constitution. It debates and passes bills, which are then sent to the head of state for assent to become law.
2. Representation: MPs represent the constituents who elected them, ensuring that their voices are heard and their interests are represented in the legislative process.
3. Oversight and accountability: Parliament holds the executive branch of government accountable for its actions and decisions through mechanisms like question periods, committees, and votes of no confidence.
4. Scrutiny of the budget: Parliament reviews and approves the government's budget and fiscal policies, ensuring that public funds are spent effectively and responsibly.
5. Policy formulation: Parliament can initiate policies and legislation, and it often debates and amends government proposals to reflect the will of the people.

In Africa, the parliamentary sector operates under similar principles but may have unique features due to the continent's diverse political landscape and historical influences. Many African parliaments are modeled after those in their former colonial powers, such as the Westminster system in English-speaking countries and the Napoleonic system in French-speaking ones. Some key similarities and challenges include:

- Bicameral or unicameral structures: Some African countries have two-chamber parliaments, while others have a single legislative house. This can affect the balance of power and the representation of different interest groups.
- Party-list proportional representation or first-past-the-post systems: The method of electing MPs can influence the makeup of the parliament and the degree of political pluralism.
- The role of the executive: In some African parliaments, the executive is drawn from the majority party in the legislature, and the prime minister is the head of government. In others, the president may wield significant power, either as a ceremonial figurehead or an active participant in the legislative process.
- Separation of powers: The degree to which the parliamentary sector is separate and independent from the executive branch varies. Some African countries have strong parliaments that can check the president's power, while in others, the executive can dominate the legislature.
- Transparency and public engagement: There are efforts to make African parliaments more open and accountable, with some embracing technology to improve access to information and facilitate public participation in the legislative process.
- Women's representation: There are increasing efforts to enhance gender equality in African parliaments through quotas and other affirmative action measures.
- Decentralization and federalism: In countries with federal systems, parliaments often have to balance national interests with the autonomy of constituent states or provinces.
- Political stability: The effectiveness of parliamentary sectors in Africa can be affected by political instability, such as frequent changes in government, weak institutional structures, or one-party dominance.

The African parliamentary sector faces challenges such as ensuring effective representation of minorities, fighting corruption, and overcoming the legacy of colonialism and authoritarian rule to strengthen democratic institutions. However, many African parliaments are actively working towards greater transparency, inclusivity, and responsiveness to the needs of their constituents.

Liberals and conservatives are the two major political parties in the Canada, and other political parties in Canada, they have different ideologies and stances on various issues. Here are some key difference.

1. Economic Policy: Liberals in Canada generally support a mixed economy with a balance between public and private sectors. They are more likely to advocate for social programs, higher taxes on the wealthy, and government intervention to ensure equitable distribution of resources. Conservatives, on the other hand, tend to favor free market principles, lower taxes, and smaller government, believing that economic growth is best achieved through individual initiative and market forces.

2. Social Issues: Liberals are typically more progressive on social issues, supporting LGBTQ+ rights, multiculturalism, immigration, and reproductive rights. They are more likely to advocate for policies that address social inequalities, such as affordable housing, education, and healthcare. Conservatives are often more traditional in their social views, emphasizing the importance of the family, law and order, and sometimes advocating for restrictions on immigration and social services.

3. Environmental Policy: Liberals generally prioritize environmental protection and are more likely to support policies aimed at combating climate change, such as carbon taxes or cap-and-trade systems. Conservatives may also support environmental stewardship but often prioritize economic growth and energy security, which can lead to a more cautious approach to environmental regulations and sometimes skepticism towards certain environmental policies.

4. Healthcare: Canadians are known for their universal healthcare system, which is largely a product of liberal policies. Liberals typically defend and seek to expand public healthcare, while Conservatives might argue for more private sector involvement and cost-cutting measures, though they also support the principle of universality.

5. Foreign Policy: Liberals are often seen as more inclined to engage in international cooperation, support the United Nations, and pursue peacekeeping missions. Conservatives are generally more hawkish, favoring a stronger military and a more assertive role for Canada in international affairs. However, both parties support Canada's membership in NATO and close ties with the United States.

6. Taxation: Liberals are more likely to support progressive taxation, meaning higher tax rates for higher earners, to fund social programs and reduce income inequality. Conservatives tend to advocate for lower taxes across the board, particularly for businesses, to stimulate economic growth.

7. Gun Control: Liberals are typically stronger proponents of gun control measures to enhance public safety, while Conservatives are more likely to defend the rights of gun owners and emphasize personal responsibility and law enforcement to address gun-related issues.

8. Education: Liberals usually support increasing funding for education and making it more accessible to all, including higher education. Conservatives might focus more on parental choice and the role of the private sector in education, sometimes advocating for policies like school vouchers or charter schools.

9. Immigration: Liberals generally favor open and inclusive immigration policies that reflect Canada's multicultural identity. Conservatives might support controlled immigration levels with a focus on economic immigration to meet the country's labor market needs and security concerns.

10. National Unity: The Liberal Party has historically been seen as the party of national unity, working to maintain Canada's federal structure and addressing the concerns of its diverse provinces, especially regarding the relationship with Quebec. Conservatives have sometimes been accused of being more centralist and less attentive to provincial concerns.

11. Indigenous Rights: While there have been significant issues with Indigenous policy under both parties, Liberals are often seen as more open to reconciliation and recognizing Indigenous rights, while Conservatives might be more inclined to emphasize economic development on Indigenous lands and self-sufficiency.

12. Trade: Both parties support free trade, but Liberals might be more inclined to consider the social and environmental implications of trade agreements, while Conservatives are typically more focused on the economic benefits of trade and reducing barriers to trade.

These are broad generalizations and individual politicians and factions within each party may hold varying views on these issues. Moreover, the specific platforms and stances of the Liberal and Conservative parties can evolve over time and in response to changing societal values and political landscapes. Other political parties in Canada, such as the New Democratic Party (NDP), the Green Party, the Bloc Québécois, and the People's Party of Canada, offer further diversity in political ideologies and policy proposals.

Fulton Adventist University College has been recognized for its significant role in providing quality Christian education in Fiji and the Pacific.

During a visit to the Sabeto Campus, Hon. Biman Prasad, the Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for Finance, acknowledged the institution's history, which began in 1905 and included its transition to a university college in 2018. He praised the college for its commitment to delivering high-quality academic and professional training.

DPM Prasad noted the government's focus on education, as reflected in the new budget that allocates $847.4 million, with $153 million designated for scholarships and grants and $86.5 million for higher education institutions like Fulton. The college has received approximately $1.43 million in government grants since 2014.

He also emphasized the Coalition Government's initiatives aimed at promoting equal access to education, including a $650 million tertiary student debt write-off and $200 in back-to-school support for over 210,000 students.

The college was encouraged to continue enhancing its curriculum, promote critical thinking, and develop its competitive strengths.

Prasad remarked on the importance of education for national development, noting that today's students will be tomorrow's leaders.

Alberta Premier Danielle Smith's CPSA team has initiated efforts to criminalize Ivermectin, with a court hearing set for August 15, 2025. This decision has generated significant backlash from medical professionals, patients, and advocates who assert that Ivermectin may be beneficial in treating various health issues, including cancer.

Reports indicate that a lawyer for Smith's CPSA has submitted a new affidavit containing unverified assertions, intended to persuade an Edmonton judge to issue an injunction that could close the world's largest Ivermectin Cancer Clinic and prohibit the use of Ivermectin for Albertans. This action is perceived as potentially harmful to thousands of Stage 4 cancer patients who depend on Ivermectin for their treatment.

Attorney Catherine Christensen, representing the interests of these patients, has committed to opposing this move to limit access to Ivermectin. She has raised concerns regarding the motives behind Premier Smith's actions, which some believe aim to limit alternative healthcare options.

The ongoing debate over Ivermectin has contributed to declining support for Premier Smith, who has faced scrutiny for her management of issues related to the Cancer Clinic and other controversies. This recent measure is viewed by many as an infringement on Albertans' rights to make informed decisions about their healthcare.

To highlight this issue, the Edmonton Courthouse has invited the public to attend the court hearing on August 15, 2025, at 10 am. A digital display in the court lobby will present details of the case, CPSA v Makis. Although the clinic's founder will not be present, his legal representatives will address the affidavit and critique the government's rationale.

This situation raises concerns not only for Stage 4 cancer patients seeking alternative treatments but also regarding the broader rights of Albertans to pursue various healthcare options. Attending the court hearing allows citizens to observe the government's efforts to criminalize Ivermectin and to hold elected officials accountable.

Those wishing to express their opposition can:

1. Call Premier Smith's office at 780-427-2251.
2. Attend the courtroom on August 15 to show support for patients and medical professionals opposing this measure.
3. Contribute to Valour Legal's efforts against this initiative by donating to their Legal Fund via bitcoin (bc1qqdyscaw4sd738y30sd0a5nd2h4ele77hcxz3xz).

As the situation develops, it remains clear that many in Alberta are committed to defending their right to make informed healthcare choices. Further updates on this situation will follow.

Carla Beck;

Rent Control Now: A Call to Action for Affordable Housing in Saskatchewan
 
As the cost of living continues to rise in Saskatchewan, it's concerning to see that many individuals, despite their best efforts, are struggling to make ends meet. Meanwhile, large corporate landlords from other provinces, such as Alberta-based Boardwalk, are profiting at the expense of our seniors and young residents. It is unacceptable that these companies can boast about their substantial profits, earned on the backs of hardworking Saskatchewanians, while our citizens face unaffordable rent increases.

The situation is further exacerbated by the recent implementation of a 75.8 percent tariff on canola by China, severely impacting our agricultural industry. The protection of our farmers and agricultural sector is crucial for our future, and immediate action is required. I urge Prime Minister Mark Carney to lead a trade mission to China, accompanied by Canadian premiers, to negotiate the removal of these significant tariffs.

In light of Boardwalk's acquisition of 235 additional rental properties in Regina and Saskatoon, and the alarming rise in rental prices in Saskatchewan, it is clear that action must be taken to address the growing housing affordability crisis. The company's CEO, Sam Kolias, has proudly announced a 13 percent increase in net operating income in Saskatchewan, highlighting the province as their "best-performing" market in Canada. However, this success comes at the expense of our residents, who are facing rent increases of up to 30 percent within a single year.

It is imperative that we establish some form of rent control, similar to measures in other provinces, to prevent large corporate landlords from exploiting our citizens. Our goal must be to create a future where every resident of Saskatchewan has access to affordable and safe housing. I urge you to share your thoughts and concerns at RentControlNow.ca, and join me in advocating for a more equitable and sustainable housing market in our province.

Chrystia Freeland spent the evening in Charlottetown with @SeanCaseyLPC and other liberal members. They are collaborating to strengthen the economy in the G7.

Chrystia Freeland

"Last month, severe storms swept through Minnesota, leaving a trail of destruction in their wake. In response, Governor Tim Walz visited the affected areas, including Bemidji, to assess the damage firsthand. What he saw was a testament to the resilience and compassion of Minnesotans.

Despite the devastation, Gov. Walz witnessed neighbors coming together to support one another, demonstrating the very essence of Minnesota's community spirit. This outpouring of kindness and generosity is a beacon of hope in the face of adversity.

In the aftermath of the storms, Gov. Walz has authorized state assistance to support the impacted communities in their recovery efforts. This critical aid will help to rebuild and restore the affected areas, ensuring that those impacted can get back on their feet as quickly as possible.

As we move forward, it is heartening to see Minnesotans coming together to help one another. This collective effort will be crucial in the days and weeks ahead as we work to rebuild and recover from the damage. Let us continue to embody the spirit of Minnesota Nice, supporting our neighbors and communities in need."

At least 61 individuals lost their lives in a fire at a newly opened mall in Wasit province, eastern Iraq, officials reported on Thursday.

A statement from Iraq's Interior Ministry indicated that the majority of the victims died from smoke inhalation in the building's bathrooms, with at least 14 bodies found severely burned and unidentifiable. Emergency responders successfully rescued more than 45 people who were trapped inside the structure, according to the ministry.

The incident has deeply impacted the nation, as stated by the ministry.

Washington post

URGENT WILDFIRE ALERT ISSUED FOR WEST DALHOUSIE

A rapidly spreading wildfire has prompted the evacuation of 42 homes in the West Dalhousie area, with the blaze now estimated to cover approximately 300 hectares (740 acres). The fire, which is currently out of control, is situated approximately 3 kilometers from West Dalhousie Road.

Emergency responders are working around the clock to combat the inferno, with a collective effort from 30 Department of Natural Resources (DNR) firefighters, 10 local fire departments, and air crews. The combined forces are battling to contain the fire, which poses a significant threat to the surrounding area.

Residents in the vicinity have been urged to exercise extreme caution and follow evacuation instructions to ensure their safety. The situation will continue to be closely monitored, with updates provided as more information becomes available.

The cause of the fire is currently unknown, but an investigation is underway. In the meantime, residents are advised to stay informed through official channels and to avoid the affected area.

SAFETY REMINDERS

Stay at least 3 kilometers away from the fire zone
Follow evacuation instructions from local authorities
Avoid using drones or other aerial devices in the affected area
Keep windows and doors closed to prevent smoke infiltration
* Stay tuned to local news and official social media channels for updates

We will provide further information as the situation develops. In the meantime, our thoughts are with the residents of West Dalhousie and the brave first responders working to contain this devastating wildfire.

Farm (African)2021
I am growing tomatoes for the first time, and this beginner-friendly, space-saving method helps my plants remain upright and grow vigorously. You will need a piece of string and a plant stake.

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This is my first year gardening, and I have decided to grow vegetables. In an effort to succeed, I conducted extensive research to find beginner-friendly methods suitable for my outdoor space. That is when I discovered the tomato string method, a straightforward yet effective way to cultivate healthy tomato plants for a plentiful harvest.

Olatunbosun Ibrahim Akanbi

Effective Governance: Addressing Challenges and Ensuring Progress

In today's complex environment, governing bodies face numerous challenges that can hinder their ability to effectively manage resources and make informed decisions. It is essential to acknowledge these obstacles and develop strategies to overcome them. This involves recognizing the limitations of past approaches and adapting to the changing landscape.

One significant concern is the potential for escalated issues when addressing policy and practices. To mitigate this, it is crucial to establish clear responsibilities regarding law enforcement and to engage in ongoing dialogue to review and amend relevant regulations. This proactive approach will help to ensure that governance remains effective and responsive to the needs of all stakeholders.

Another critical factor is the importance of compassion and understanding in governance. This involves recognizing the challenges faced by individuals and groups, and working to address these concerns through effective communication and collaboration. By doing so, we can foster an environment of trust and cooperation, which is essential for driving progress and achieving our goals.

As we move forward, it is vital to acknowledge the historical context of governance and the impact of past interactions on current circumstances. This understanding will enable us to make informed decisions and develop policies that are truly effective. Moreover, it is essential to recognize the significance of policy formulation and execution, as these elements have a profound impact on the broader interactions within our society.

Ultimately, our ability to effectively govern depends on our willingness to engage in open and honest dialogue, to acknowledge our limitations, and to work together to address the challenges we face. By doing so, we can create a brighter future for all.
Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo.