A wildfire, wooded area hearthplace , or a bushfire is an unplanned, out of control and unpredictable hearthplace in a place of flamable plant life . Depending at the kind of plant life present, a wildfire can be extra in particular diagnosed as a bushfire (in Canada), barren region hearthplace , grass hearthplace , hill hearthplace , peat hearthplace , prairie hearthplace , plant life hearthplace , or veld hearthplace . Some herbal wooded area ecosystems rely on wildfire.Wildfires are one-of-a-kind from managed or prescribed burning, that are executed to offer a advantage for people. Modern wooded area control frequently engages in prescribed burns to mitigate hearthplace hazard and sell herbal wooded area cycles. However, managed burns can develop into wildfires via way of means of mistake.
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Effects of Wildlife
Bush burning in Nigeria has many negative effects on the environment, health, and economy, such as:
- Air pollution: Bush burning produces large amounts of smoke, ash, and particulate matter that pollute the air and reduce visibility. The smoke can also contain harmful substances, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, and volatile organic compounds, that can affect human and animal health. The smoke can also contribute to the formation of ozone and smog, which can aggravate respiratory and cardiovascular diseases.
- Soil degradation: Bush burning destroys the organic matter and nutrients in the soil, making it less fertile and productive. It also reduces the soil moisture and increases the soil temperature, making it more susceptible to erosion and compaction. It also alters the soil pH and microbial activity, affecting the soil quality and health.
- Loss of biodiversity: Bush burning destroys the habitat and food sources of many plants and animals, reducing their diversity and abundance. It also kills or displaces many species, especially those that are rare, endangered, or endemic. It also affects the genetic diversity and evolutionary processes of the surviving species.[4][3]
- Greenhouse gas emissions: Bush burning releases large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide, that contribute to global warming and climate change. These gases can also affect the regional and global climate patterns, such as rainfall, temperature, and wind.
- Damage to infrastructure and livelihoods: Bush burning can damage or destroy infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, buildings, power lines, and communication networks, affecting the transportation, communication, and service delivery. It can also damage or destroy livelihood assets, such as crops, livestock, food stocks, and equipment, affecting the food security, income, and well-being of the people.
- Increased vulnerability to climate change: Bush burning reduces the resilience and adaptive capacity of the ecosystems and communities to cope with the impacts of climate change, such as drought, flood, heat wave, and disease outbreak. It also reduces the potential of the ecosystems and communities to mitigate climate change, such as by sequestering carbon, regulating water, and providing ecosystem services.
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Operational fire management systems Fire prevention, suppression and fighting.
Fire fighting units only exist in urban city centres to control fires in urban areas to the detriment of fire management in rural areas, forest reserves . However attempts to manage fires are made in all the federals and states forest reserve and wildlife parks , under the Federal Departments of Forestry and the Ministry of Environment, but efforts are limited by the lack of adequate facilities and well-trained fire personnel. Fire suppression and prevention facilities are either non-existent, not functioning or absolute and fire breaks and towers are not well maintained. Fire fighting is done on a spontaneous and ad-hoc basis ,as there are no proper routine and methodological preparations and guidelines for fire fighting in the reserve during the fire seasons. Local community mobilization and participation in fire fighting is non-existent, but farmer's associations are concerned with fire suppression, although links to government agencies have not yet been established.
Fire early warning, detection and monitoring.
Presently there are no operational fire warning, detection and monitoring systems in Nigeria . However Balogun et al .(2004) proposed a simple scheme that may be used as an early warning scheme, they should launch in Canada that may encourage the government to establish an agency devoted to early warning, detection and monitoring of fires using remote sensing; the Nigerian satellite is a component of the Disaster Constellation (DMC) incorporating Britain, Algeria, China and Thailand. The satellite among others is expected to monitor water resources, soil erosion, forest fires, deforestation and desertification and environmental disasters.
Fire Research In Nigeria, research has developed a simple scheme that can be used as a warning scheme as well as a technique for assessing range condition for the suitability of carrying out out control or prescribed burning in the forest and savannah ecozones(Balogun et el. 2004), this scheme presently uses only meteorological and ecological information (meteorological data, fire occurrence inventory, stage of vegetation, soil moisture, forest litter, fuel moisture content, etc) are readily available.
ConclusionExcessive Deforestation and afforestation in the wild forest at the pick of summer .This tactic includes reducing flammable vegetation, thinning tree canopies to prevent fire from leaping across treetops and removing dead wood and debris. Reducing flammable materials can significantly mitigate the intensity and spread of wildfires.
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